Jews in the science

List of Jewish historians

A

• David Abulafia, professor of history, University of Cambridge (Jewish Year Book 2005, p.218)
• Ignac Acsady, Hungarian social and economic historian.^[1]
• Howard Adelson, U.S. mediaeval historian.^[1]
• Cyrus Adler^[2], U.S. historian of Jewish history.
• Geoffrey Alderman ^[3], historian
• Herbert Aptheker, leader in Communist Party, historian^[4]
• Yehoshua Arieli, Israeli historian.^[1]
• Walter Leonard Arnstein, U.S. historian.^[1]
• Raymond Aron, French historian of sociology.^[1]
• Robert Aron, French author and journalist.^[1]
• David Asheri, Israeli classical historian.^[1]
• Simon Ashkenazi, Polish modern European history.^[5]
• David Ayalon, Israeli historian of Islam and Judaism.^[5]

B

• Bernard Bailyn, U.S. Colonial historian.^[1]
• Richard Barnett, museum curator and archaeologist (JYB 1985 p187)
• George Louis Beer, U.S. historian of 16th-19th century commerce.^[1]
• Emile-Auguste Begin, French physician, historian and librarian.^[1]
• Max Beloff, English historian and political scientist.^[1]
• Joaquim Bensaude Portuguese historian of astronomy and navigation.^[1]
• Norman Bentwich, British lawyer and historian ^[6]
• Israil Bercovici, Romanian playwright and historian ^[7]
• Jay Berkovitz, U.S. historian of Jews in France and early modern Europe
• Harry Bernstein, U.S. historian.^[1]
• Elias Joseph Bickerman, U.S. scholar of ancient history.^[1]
• Camille Bloch, French historian, archivist and librarian.^[1]
• Gustave Bloch, French Graeco-Roman historian.^[1]
• Marc Bloch, French historian of medieval France.^[1]
• Solomon Frank Bloom, U.S. historian of modern Europe.^[1]
• Jerome Blum, U.S. historian.^[1]
• Daniel Boorstin, U.S. historian; official historian at the Smithsonian Institution & the Library of Congress.^[1],^[8]
• Woodrow Wilson Borah, U.S. historian.^[1]
• Ambrosio Brandao, Portuguese historian and soldier.^[1]
• Harry Bresslau, German historian.^[1]
• Berthold Bretholz, Moravian historian.^[1]
• Jacob Bronowski, historian of science [13]
• Robert Brunschvig, French historian of Islam.^[1]
• Max Buedinger, German modern European historian.^[1]

C

• Norman Cantor, mediaeval historian.^[1],^[9]
• Achille Coen, Italian historian.^[1]
• David Cohen, Dutch historian and Jewish leader.^[1]
• Gustave Cohen, Belgian historian of mediaeval French literature and theatre.^[1]
• Mark Cohen, American historian of the Jews under medieval Islam
• Robert Cohen, French historian of ancient Greece.^[1]
• Michael Confino, Israeli historian.^[1]

D

• Robert Davidsohn, German historian of mediaeval Florence.^[10]
• Hermann Dessau, German historian and philologist.^[10]
• Isaac Deutscher, Polish-born British Marxist historian and political scientist.^[10]
• Max Dimont, Max I. Dimont was a Finnish-American Jew and a popular historian and author.
• Martin Duberman, U.S. historian and playwright.^[10]
• Ariel Durant, American historian; author of The Story of Civilization.^[11]

E

• Victor Ehrenberg, German historian of the ancient world.^[10]
• Louis Eisenman, French historian of Europe.^[10]
• Abraham Eisenstadt, U.S. historian.^[10]
• Sir Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, German-born British historian of Tudor England.^[10]
• Carlo Errera, Italian geographer and historian of exploration.^[10]
• Richard Ettinghausen, German-born US art historian^[12]

F

• Louis Filler, U.S. historian.^[10]
• Sidney Fine, U.S. historian.^[10]
• Samuel Finer, British political scientist and historian ^[13]
• Sir Moses I. Finley, Classical Historian.^[14]
• Robert Fogel, American economic historian and nobel laureate [14]
• Heinrich Friedjung, Moravian historian and politician.^[10]
• Saul Friedländer, Czech-born French-Israeli historian of the Holocaust.^[10]
• Alexander Fuks, Israeli classical historian.^[10]

G

• Peter Gay, German-born American historian of ideas.^[10]
• Leo Gershoy, U.S. historian.^[10]
• Felix Gilbert, U.S. political historian.^[10]
• Sir Martin Gilbert, British historian. [15]</ref
• Carlo Ginzburg, Italian historian. -->
• Gustave Glotz, French ancient Greek historian.^[10]
• Eric F. Goldman, U.S. modern historian.^[10]
• Yosef Goldman, author of Hebrew Printing in America^[15]
• Sir Ernst Gombrich, Austrian-born British art historian.[16]
• Martin Goodman (historian) (Jewish Year Book 2005 p215)
• Louis Reichental Gottschalk, U.S. historian of modern Europe.^[10]
• Philip Guedalla, biographer ^[16]
• Hans G. Guterbock, german born hittitologist.

H

• Elie Halevy, French historian, "A History of the English People in the 19th century 1915-30".
• George W. F. Hallgarten, historian: "The German-Jewish historian, George Hallgarten" [17]
• Louis Halphen, French mediaevalist.^[10]
• Theodore Stephen Hamerow, U.S. historian.^[10]
• Marceli Handelsman, Polish constitutional and political historian.^[10]
• Oscar Handlin, U.S. social historian.^[10]
• Henry Harrisse, U.S. historiographer.^[10]
• Ludo Moritz Hartmann, Austrian historian and statesman.^[10]
• Henri Hauser, French ancient and mediaeval historian.^[10]
• Sigmund Herzberg-Fraenkel, Austrian historian.^[10]
• Jack H. Hexter, U.S. historian of modern Europe.^[10]
• Uriel Heyd, Israeli historian of Islam.^[10]
• Raul Hilberg, Austrian-born American Holocaust historian^[17]
• Gertrude Himmelfarb, American historian of Victorian Britain.^[10]
• Heinrich Otto Hirschfield, German Roman historian.^[10]
• Eric Hobsbawm, Egyptian-born British Marxist historian.^[10]
• Richard Hofstadter, U.S. political historian.^[10]
• Samuel Justin Hurwitz, U.S. historian.^[18]
• Harold Melvin Hyman, U.S. historian.^[18]

I

• Siegfried Isaacsohn, German historian.^[18]
• Jonathan Israel, British historian (Jewish Year Book 2005, p.215)

J

• Joseph Jacobs [18], editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia
• Oscar Isaiah Janowsky, U.S. historian of modern Europe and Jews.^[18]
• Louis de Jong, Dutch historian and journalist.^[18]
• Matthew Josephson, U.S. social historian.^[18]

K

• Ernst Kantorowicz, German-born American mediaevalist.^[18]
• Solomon Katz, U.S. historian.^[18]
• Elie Kedourie, Iraq-born British historian (Jewish Year Book 1990 p202)
• Morton Keller, U.S. historian.^[18]
• James Klugmann, communist historian ^[19]
• Richard Koebner, Israeli German historian.^[18]
• Hans Kohn, U.S. political and social historian.^[18]
• Michael Kraus, U.S. historian.^[18]
• Leonard Krieger, U.S. historian.^[18]
• Hyman Kublin, U.S. historian of the far east.^[18]
• Thomas Samuel Kuhn, U.S. historian of science.^[18]
• Otto Kurz, historian (Jewish Year Book 1975 p214)

L

• Gyula Lanczy, Hungarian economic historian.^[18]
• David Landes, U.S. economic historian.^[18]
• Benno Landsberger, Austrian born assyriologist.
• Max Laserson, Latvian historian.^[18]
• Sir Sidney Lee, second editor of the Dictionary of National Biography [19]
• Max Lerner, U.S. journalist and social historian.^[18]
• Joseph Levenson, U.S. specialist in Chinese history.^[18]
• Wilhelm Levison, German mediaevalist.^[18]
• Yitzchak Levine, columnist
• Arthur Levy, French historian.^[18]
• Leonard William Levy, U.S. political historian.^[18]
• Paul Levy, French linguistic historian.^[18]
• Bernard Lewis, British orientalist, History of Islam.^[18][20]
• David Malcolm Lewis, British historian. (Jewish Year Book 1995 p.193)
• Felix Liebermann, German mediaevalist.^[18]
• Ephraim Lipson, British economic historian.^[18]
• Deborah Lipstadt, U.S. Holocaust historian^[21]
• Victor Loewe, German historian and archivist.^[22]
• Robert Sabatino Lopez, U.S. mediaevalist.^[22]
• Sidney Low, British statesman, journalist and political historian.^[22]
• Samuel Lozinski, Russian historian.^[22]
• John Lukacs, Hungarian-US historian [20]
• Alberto Lumbroso, Italian historian of the Napoleonic period.^[22]
• Giacomo Lumbroso, Italian classical historian and archaeologist.^[22]

M

• Hyam Maccoby [21]
• Sir Philip Magnus-Allcroft, 2nd Baronet, biographer ^[23]
• Frank Manuel, U.S. historian.^[22]
• Henrik Marczali, Hungarian historian.^[22]
• Shula Marks, South African-British expert on African history (Jewish Year Book 2005 p215)
• Ludwig Markus, German expert in Abyssinian and Beta Israeli history.^[22]
• Arno J. Mayer, Luxembourg-born American historian.^[22]
• Gustav Mayer, German political and social historian.^[22]
• Mark Borisovich Mitin, Russian politician and historian.^[22]
• Arnaldo Momigliano, Italian-British historian.(Jewish Year Book 1985 p188)
• Felice Momigliano, Italian philosopher and historian.^[22]
• Simon Sebag Montefiore [22], British historian of Russia.
• Hugh Sebag Montefiore [23], British WW2 historian.
• Richard Brandon Morris, U.S. constitutional historian.^[22]
• Louis C. Morton, U.S. historian.^[22]
• George Mosse, German-born American historian of ideas.Cite error 3; Invalid call; invalid keys, e.g. too many or wrong key specified
• Ilan Pappé, Israeli historian.^[22]
• Max Perlbach, German mediaevalist.^[22]
• Martin Phillipson, German modern historian and communal leader.^[22]
• Koppel S. Pinson, U.S. political and social historian.^[22]
• Richard Pipes, Polish-born American historian of Russia.^[22]
• Karl Polanyi, economist and historian [24]
• Sidney Pomerantz, U.S. historian.^[22]
• Richard Popkin, historian of philosophy ^[24]
• George Posener, French Egyptologist.^[22]
• Sir Michael Postan, British historian. (Jewish Year Book 1985 p188)
• Joshua Prawer, Israeli historian of the kingdom of jerusalem and the crusades.^[22]
• Alfred Pribram, Austrian historian and publicist.^[22]
• Jacob Psantir, Rumanian historian of the Jews.^[22]

R

• Theodore Rabb, U.S. historian of modern history.^[25]
• Armin Rappaport, U.S. historian.^[25]
• Sidney Ratner, U.S. economic historian.^[25]
• Ludwig Riess, German constitutional historian.^[25]
• Samuele Romanin, Italian historian of classical Rome and Judaism.^[25]
• Nello Roselli, Italian historian.^[25]
• Arthur Rosenberg, German historian and Zionist.^[25]
• Cecil Roth [25], British historian and editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica

S

• Julius Salomon, Danish historian and archivist.^[25]
• Simon Schama [26], British historian
• J. Salwyn Schapiro, American historian of modern Europe.^[25]
• Leonard Schapiro ^[26], historian
• Meyer Schapiro, Lithuanian-born American art historian^[27]
• Moses Schorr, historian of Polish Jews
• Arturo Segre, Italian political and commercial historian.^[25]
• Bernard Semmel, U.S. historian.^[25]
• Joseph Shulim, U.S. historian.^[25]
• Bernhard von Simson, German mediaevalist.^[25]
• Paul Simson, German historian.^[25]
• Charles Singer, British historian of science and medicine.^[25]
• Ephraim Avigdor Speiser, American assyriologist and archeologist.
• Louis Snyder, U.S. historian.^[25]
• Arthur Stein, Austrian historian of classical rome.^[25]
• Sir Aurel Stein [27], archeologist
• Henri Stein, French bibliographer and historian.^[25]
• Samuel Steinherz, Czechoslovakian mediaevalist.^[25]
• Alfred Stern, Swiss social historian.^[25]
• Barry Supple, British economic historian (Jewish Year Book, 2005, p.215)

T

• Jacob Talmon, Israeli political and social historian.^[25]
• Frank Tannenbaum, U.S. economic historian.^[25]
• Rosa Levin Toubin, Jewish Texan historian.^[25]
• Hans Trefousse, U.S. historian.^[25]
• Barbara Tuchman, U.S. journalist and historian.^[25][28]

U

• Irwin Unger, U.S. political and social historian.^[25]

V

• Geza Vermes [28], Hungarian-born British historian.

W

• Bernard Weisberger, U.S. historian.^[25]
• Eduard Wertheimer, Hungarian historian of the 19th century.^[25]
• Helene Wieruszowski, German-U.S. historian.^[25]
• Bertram Wolfe, U.S. Soviet historian.^[25]
• Leonard Woolf, British historian of economics.^[25]

Z

• Oscar Zeichner, U.S. historian.^[25]
• Alfred Zimmern, British political scientist and authority on International Relations.^[25]
• Howard Zinn, American historian^[29]

List of British Jewish scientists

Physicists

• Petrus Alphonsi, Spanish-born astronomer and doctor ^[1]
• Edward Neville da Costa Andrade (JYB 1977 p207)
• Sir Michael Berry [6], mathematical physicist (JYB 2005 p214)
• Moses Blackman (JYB 1977 p207)
• David Bohm,^[2] physicist, philosopher
• Sir Hermann Bondi [7], Austrian-born British cosmologist
• Max Born [8], [9], physicist, Nobel Prize 1954 (converted to Lutheranism) (JYB 2000 p212 - list of Jewish Nobel Prizewinners)
• Samuel Devons, physicist (JYB 2005 p214)
• Cyril Domb [10], physicist, President of Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists
• Paul Eisler [11] [12], inventor of printed circuit board
• Michael Fisher [13]
• Otto Robert Frisch [14] (JYB 1980 p182)
• Herbert Frohlich (JYB 1990 p201)
• Dennis Gabor [15] [16] Nobel Prize for Physics 1971; British.

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "In 1946 Dennis Gabor became a naturalized British citizen."

• Sir David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons [17], scientist and inventor
• Jeffrey Goldstone (JYB 2005 p214)
• Ian Grant (JYB 2005 p214)
• Sir Peter Hirsch, physicist (JYB 2005 p213, 214)
• Herbert Huppert, 1987 (JYB 2005 p214)
• Brian David Josephson [18], physicist, Nobel Prize (1973)
• George Kalmus, 1988 (JYB 2005 p214)
• Andrew Keller [19]
• Olga Kennard, crystallographer 1987 (JYB 2005 p214)
• Rudolf Kompfner ^[3], invented traveling wave tube
• Hans Kronberger (physicist)^[4], nuclear physicist
• Nicholas Kurti [20], physicist, Vice-President of the Royal Society 1965-67. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:

"study at the university was open to him, despite being a Jew ... Kurti became a naturalized British citizen just before the outbreak of the Second World War"

• Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell [21], physicist and politician
• Henry Lipson (JYB 1990 p201)
• Sir Ben Lockspeiser (JYB 1990 p201)
• Stanley Mandelstam (JYB 2005 p214)
• Kurt Mendelssohn (Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:492)
• Leon Mestel, astronomer (Who's Who entry & JYB 2000 p211)
• F.R. Nunes Nabarro (JYB 2005 p214)
• Rudolf Peierls (JYB 1995 p193)
• Michael Pepper (JYB 2005 p214)
• Douglas Ross [22]
• Sir Joseph Rotblat [23], physicist, Nobel Peace Prize (1995)
• Arthur Schuster (Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1012]]
• Dennis Sciama, FRS [24], cosmologist
• David Shoenberg, physics of low temperatures (JYB 1995 p193)
• Sir Francis Simon, 1941 (Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1578)
• David Tabor (JYB 2005 p214)
• Samuel Tolansky, spectroscopist

Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "son of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants"

• Felix Weinberg (JYB 2005 p214)
• Michael Woolfson, crystallographer, computer simulation 1984 (JYB 2005 p214)
• Alec David Young, aero-engineer (JYB 2005 p214)
• John Ziman [25]

Chemists

• Herbert Brown, chemist (JYB 2005 p215) Born in London - see refs in article
• Sir Arnold Burgen (JYB 2005 p214)
• Sir Roy Calne (JYB 2005 p214)
• Jack David Dunitz [26], chemist
• Martin Fleischmann ^[5], chemist
• Rosalind Franklin [27], physical chemist and crystalographer, helped to discover structure of DNA
• Eugen Glueckauf (JYB 1980 p182)
• Sir Ian Heilbron (Encyclopedia Judaica 8:262)
• Walter Heitler [28]
• Sir Aaron Klug [29], physicist & chemist, Nobel Prize (1982) (JYB 2000 p211-2)
• Harold Kroto [30], discoverer of buckminsterfullerene, Nobel Prize (1996) (Jewish father; raised Jewish)

Harold Kroto [31], discoverer of buckminsterfullerene, Nobel Prize (1996) (Jewish father; raised Jewish)

• Raphael Meldola (Encyclopaedia Judaica 11:1290)
• Alfred Mond, chemist 1928 (Encyclopaedia Judaica 4:1298, 12:241)
• Ludwig Mond [32], chemist & industrialist
• Sir Robert Mond, chemist and archaeologist (Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Mond)
• Albert Neuberger [33], chemical pathologist

father of Prof. James Neuberger, Lord Justice Sir David Neuberger and Prof. Michael Neuberger, and father-in-law of Julia Neuberger

• Friedrich Paneth (Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:54)
• Sir Max Perutz [34], molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1962)
• Michael Polanyi [35], chemist; naturalised British 1939 (Dictionary of National Biography)
• Ralph Raphael (JYB 1995 p193)
• Michael Rossmann [36]
• Anthony Segal, 1998 (JYB 2005 p214)
• Franz Sondheimer, organic chemist (JYB 2005 p214)
• Michael Szwarc, polymer chemistry (Encyclopedia Judaica, 15:670]]
• ^[6],
• Dr Nikita Poltavsky, and his wife Denise Mancheste.

Biologists

• Saul Adler (JYB 1960 p216)
• Ephraim Anderson [37], microbiologist
• Charlotte Auerbach (JYB 1977 p207)
• Walter Bodmer [38], geneticist
• Gustav Victor Rudolf Born [39], Professor of Pharmacology
• Sydney Brenner [40], molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (2002)
• Leslie Brent: TimesAd
• Edith Bülbring,^[7] pharmacologist (Jewish mother)
• Sir Ernst Chain [41], co-developer of penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945)
• Sir Philip Cohen [42], biologist
• Sydney Cohen, pathologist (JYB 2005 p214, 230)
• Emanuel Mendes da Costa [43], 18th century botanist
• Julius Dreschfeld ^[8], medical researcher
• Raymond Dwek, biologist (JYB 2005 p214)
• Sir Michael Epstein, co-discoverer of the Epstein-Barr virus (JYB 2005 p214)
• Wilhelm Feldberg (JYB 1977 p207) biologist
• Sir Alan Fersht [44], protein folding
• Sir Otto Frankel, geneticist^[9]
• Ian Glynn (JYB 2005 p214)
• Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield [45], neuroscientist and writer (Jewish father)
• Hans Gruneberg (JYB 1967 p208) biologist
• Sir Ludwig Guttmann^[10], neurologist
• Sir Henry Harris (Encyclopedia Judaica 4:138]])
• Philip D'Arcy Hart [46], medical researcher
• Sir Gabriel Horn (JYB 2005 p214)
• Alick Isaacs [47] [48], virologist, interferon
• David Ish-Horowicz, 2002 (JYB 2005 p214)
• Sir Bernard Katz [49], biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970)
• David Keilin [50], entomologist
• Sir Hans Kornberg, 1965 (JYB 2005 p214)
• Hans Kosterlitz [51]
• Sir Hans Adolf Krebs [52], biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)
• Sir John Krebs ^[11], zoologist
• Roland Levinsky ^[12], biologist
• Michael Levitt [53]
• Hans Lissmann (JYB 1995 p193)
• Joel Mandelstam (JYB 2005 p214)
• Sir Michael Marmot, epidemiologist (JYB 2005 213)
• César Milstein [54], immunologist, Nobel Prize (1984)
• Leslie Orgel [55], evolutionary biologist
• Guido Pontecorvo, 1955 (JYB 1995 p193)
• Juda Quastel [56]
• Ivan Roitt, immunologist 1983 (JYB 2005 p214) (JYB 2000 p211)
• Steven Rose [57], biologist
• Sir Martin Roth, psychiatrist (JYB 2005 p214)
• Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild [58], entomologist
• Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild 1953 (JYB 1990 p199,202,259)
• Oliver Sacks [59], neurologist and author
• Isaac de Sequeira Samuda [60] (first Jewish FRS; elected 1727)
• John Vane [61], pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1982) (Jewish father)
• Lawrence Weiskrantz, psychologist (JYB 2005 p214)
• Robert Winston, Baron Winston [62], fertility expert and broadcaster
• Lewis Wolpert [63], developmental biologist and broadcaster
• Lord Solly Zuckerman, anatomist, evolutionist (JYB 1965 p214)

Mathematicians and statisticians

• Abraham Manie Adelstein ^[13], statistician
• Hertha Ayrton ^[14], mathematician and engineer
• Laurence Baxter, statistician^[15]
• Michael Baxter, statistician^[16]
• Abram Besicovitch [64], Russian-born British mathematician (karaite)
• Selig Brodetsky ^[17], mathematician and President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews
• Jacob Bronowski [65], mathematician & broadcaster
• H.E. Daniels ^[18], statistician
• Philip Dawid [66], statistician
• Arthur Erdelyi ^[19], mathematician
• John Fox, statistician
• Albrecht Frohlich [67]
• David Glass ^[20], demographer
• Sydney Goldstein [68], expert on fluid mechanics
• Benjamin Gompertz [69], mathematician
• Eugene Grebenik [70], demographer
• Steven Haberman [71], professor of actuarial science
• John Hajnal, demographer (JYB 2005 p215)
• Hans Heilbronn (JYB 1977, p207)
• Marie Jahoda [72], psychologist
• Thomas Körner, mathematician ^[21]
• Ruth Lawrence [73], mathematician & child prodigy
• Leone Levi [74], statistician
• Kurt Mahler, mathematician (JYB 2005 p214)
• Sir Claus Moser [75], statistician
• Louis Mordell [76], number theorist
• Bernhard Neumann, 1959 (JYB 2005 p214)
• Richard Rado [77], mathematician
• Klaus Roth [78], mathematician, Fields Medal (1958)
• Bernard Silverman, statistician [79]
• David Spiegelhalter, statistician (JYB 2007 p.198)
• James Joseph Sylvester [80], mathematician

Computer scientists

• Samson Abramsky, computer scientist (JYB 2007 p.198)
• David Deutsch [81], quantum computing pioneer
• I.J. Good [82], cryptographer, philosopher of statistics & computing pioneer
• David Levy [83], computer chess expert
• Leo Marks [84], cryptographer & screenwriter
• Max Newman [85], mathematician & computing pioneer (Jewish father)
• Gordon Plotkin [86], computer scientist
• Leslie Valiant [87], computer scientist parallel computation

Economists

• Lord Bauer [88], economist
• Charles Goodhart,^[22] Bank of England economist
• Noreena Hertz [89], economist & activist
• Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn [90], economist: multiplier
• Nicholas Kaldor [91], economist
• Israel Kirzner [92], economist (UK-born)
• Ludwig Lachmann, economist^[23]
• Harold Laski, economist (The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia, ed Geoffrey Wigoder, 5th ed 1977, pp. 1182-3)
• Alexander Nove, economist (JYB 1990 p202)
• Sigbert Prais, economist (JYB 2005 p215)
• David Ricardo [93], economist (converted to Quakerism)
• Arthur Seldon [94], economist
• Sir Hans Singer, economist; The Economist, March 11th 2006 p95: "born a Jew"
• Piero Sraffa [95], economist
• Basil Yamey, economist (JYB 2005 p215,315)

Social scientists

• Roy Clive Abraham ^[24], linguist
• Michael Balint [96], psychoanalyst (converted to Unitarianism)
• Zygmunt Bauman [97], sociologist
• Basil Bernstein [98], linguist
• Vernon Bogdanor, professor of politics (JYB 2005 pp215,223)
• Georgina Born, anthropologist (daughter of Gustav Victor Rudolf Born‎)
• Gerald Cohen, Professor of Social and Political Theory (JYB 2005 p215)
• Norbert Elias^[25], sociologist
• Herman Finer ^[26], political scientist
• Samuel Finer ^[27], political scientist
• Sir Moses I. Finley ^[28], historian and sociologist
• Meyer Fortes, anthropologist (JYB 1980 p183)
• Eduard Fraenkel, philologist ^[29]
• Anna Freud [99], child psychoanalyst
• Norman Geras [100], professor of Government

"You are a Jewish, Zimbabwean, Mancunian philosopher... I have lived in Manchester more than half my life and am very much at home here."

• Morris Ginsberg [101]
• Max Gluckman, anthropologist (JYB 1975 p213)
• Theodor Goldstücker ^[30], orientalist
• Jean Gottmann ^[31], professor of geography, Oxford University
• Julius Gould, sociologist (JYB 2005 p249)
• Frank H. Hahn, economist
• Paul Hirst [102], social theorist (Jewish mother)
• Marie Jahoda [103], psychology of discrimination
• Melanie Klein [104], psychotherapist
• Paul Klemperer, economist
• Geoffrey Lewis Lewis, professor of Turkish (JYB 2005 p215)
• Steven Lukes, political scientist (JYB 2005 p215)
• Ashley Montagu [105], anthropologist & humanist
• Isaac Schapera, anthropologist (JYB 2005 p215)
• Edward Ullendorff, linguist (JYB 2005 p215)

List of Jewish American Scientists

List of Jewish American philosophers

• Mortimer Adler, philosopher
• Edith Wyschogrod, philosopher
• Paul Benacerraf, philosopher
• Max Black, analytic philosopher ^[1]
• Joseph Blau, philosopher ^[1]
• Ned Block, philosopher of mind
• George Boolos, logician
• Judith Butler
• Stanley Cavell, philosopher
• Morris Raphael Cohen, philosopher
• Arthur Danto, philosophy of aesthetics
• Hubert Dreyfus, critic of cognitivism
• Ronald Dworkin, legal philosopher
• Paul Edwards (philosopher) ^[2]
• Herbert Feigl, philosopher of science
• Solomon Feferman, logician
• Stanley Fish, literary theorist
• Jerry Fodor, philosopher of mind
• Philipp Frank, logical positivist
• Tamar Szabo-Gendler, philosopher of mind
• Eugene Gendlin, philosopher of the implicit
• Nelson Goodman, new riddle of induction
• Sidney Hook, philosopher
• Hans Jonas, philosopher
• Walter Kaufmann, philosopher
• Saul Kripke, logician
• Thomas Kuhn, philosopher of science
• Abraham Low, critic of psychoanalysis
• Ruth Barcan Marcus, logician
• Ernest Nagel, philosopher of science
• Thomas Nagel, philosophy of mind
• Robert Nozick, libertarianism
• Martha Nussbaum, ethics (converted)
• Richard Popkin, philosopher ^[2]
• Hilary Putnam, functionalism
• Ayn Rand, founder of the Objectivist philosophy (a refugee from communist Russia)
• Michael Sandel, communitarianism
• Menachem Mendel Schneerson, religious philosopher
• Susanna Siegel, Philosopher of Mind
• Joseph Soloveitchik, religious philosopher
• Leo Strauss, political philosopher
• Judith Jarvis Thomson, moral philosopher
• Michael Walzer, philosopher
• Harry Austryn Wolfson, philosopher
• Jonathan Epstein, philosopher

List of Jewish American linguists

• Leonard Bloomfield, linguist
• Noam Chomsky, linguist and political philosopher (atheist)
• Joshua Fishman, sociolinguist
• Joseph Greenberg, language classification
• Morris Halle, linguist
• Zellig Harris, structural linguist
• Ray Jackendoff, linguist
• Roman Jakobson, Prague School of linguistics
• William Labov, sociolinguist
• George Lakoff, sociolinguist
• Edward Sapir, anthropologist-linguist
• Morris Swadesh, linguist
• Deborah Tannen, sociolinguist
• Michael Thomas, language teacher
• Max and Uriel Weinreich, linguists

List of Jewish American psychologists

• Solomon Asch, Gestalt psychologist (Polish-born)
• Bruno Bettelheim, child psychologist
• Jerome Bruner, cognitive learning theorist
• Paul Ekman, facial expressions
• Albert Ellis, cognitive psychologist
• Leon Festinger, Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
• Erich Fromm, psychologist & humanistic philosopher
• Carol Gilligan, psychologist & ethicist
• Edith S. L. Gomberg, psychologist & substance-abuse researcher
• Jeffrey Guterman, counselor
• Richard Herrnstein, pigeon-intelligence researcher
• Irving Janis, social psychologist
• Daniel Kahneman, prospect theory, Nobel Prize in Economics winner (2002)
• Lawrence Kohlberg, developmental psychologist
• Elizabeth Loftus, memory psychologist
• Abraham Low, neuropsychologist, and founder of Recovery, Inc.
• Robert Jay Lifton, psychiatrist
• Abraham Maslow, humanistic psychologist
• Walter Mischel, experimental psychologist
• Hugo Munsterberg, industrial psychologist
• Ulric Neisser, cognitive psychologist (Jewish father)
• Anatol Rapoport, mathematical psychologist
• Fritz Perls, Gestalt therapy
• Steven Pinker, psychologist & writer
• Theodor Reik, psychoanalyst
• David Rosenhan, Rosenhan experiment
• Peter Salovey, emotions, emotional intelligence
• Al Seckel, cognitive scientist, skeptic, and designer of the Darwin fish
• Martin Seligman, Positive psychologist
• Herbert Simon, cognitive psychologist, Nobel Prize in Economics winner (1978)
• Robert Sternberg, intelligence & creativity
• David Wechsler, intelligence testing
• George Weinberg, coiner of the word "homophobia"
• Joseph Wolpe, psychiatrist

List of Jewish American economists

• George Akerlof**, economist, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (2001)
• Kenneth Arrow**, Arrow's impossibility theorem, Clark Medal (1957), Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1972)
• Gary Becker**, economist, Clark Medal (1967), Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1992)
• Ben Bernanke*, chairman of the Federal Reserve (2006–present)
• Walter Block, Harold E. Wirth Endowed Chair in Economics at Loyola University in New Orleans [1]
• Benjamin Jerry Cohen, Louis G. Lancaster Professor of International Political Economy

University of California, Santa Barbara

• Martin S. Feldstein*, economist, Clark Medal (1977)
• Robert Fogel**, new economic history, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1993)
• Milton Friedman**, monetarist economist, Clark Medal (1951), Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1976)
• Alan Greenspan*, former chairman of the Federal Reserve (1987–2006)
• Zvi Griliches*, econometrist, Clark Medal (1965)
• Sanford J. Grossman*, economics of information, Clark Medal (1987)
• John Harsanyi*, game theorist, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1994)
• Jerry A. Hausman*, econometrist, Clark Medal (1985)
• Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard Professor and Former Venezuelan Minister
• Robert Heilbroner*, leftist economist
• Leonid Hurwicz*, economist, Nobel Prize (2007)
• Daniel Kahneman**, Nobel Prize (2002)
• Israel Kirzner*, Austrian School economist
• Lawrence Klein**, econometric models, Clark Medal (1959), Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1980)
• David M. Kreps*, economist, Clark Medal (1989)
• Paul Krugman*, economist and journalist, Clark Medal (1991)
• Simon Kuznets*, econometrics, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1971)
• Emil Lederer, economist ^[1]
• Wassily Leontief**, Input-Output method, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1973)
• Steven Levitt*, economist, Clark Medal (2003)
• Harry Markowitz**, economist, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1990)
• Jacob Marschak*, economist
• Robert Merton**, Black-Scholes equation, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1997)
• Merton Miller**, economist, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1990)
• Jacob Mincer*, labor economics
• Ludwig von Mises*, Austrian School economist
• Franco Modigliani**, economist, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1985)
• Oskar Morgenstern, game theorist
• Harvey Pitt, former SEC chairman
• Matthew Rabin*, economist, Clark Medal (2001)
• Russell Roberts, economist, Professor at George Mason University in Virginia, commentator on Morning Edition heard on National Public Radio
• Murray Rothbard*, Austrian School economist
• Jeffrey Sachs*, economic shock therapy
• Paul Samuelson**, economic analysis, Clark Medal (1947), Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1970)
• Andrei Shleifer*, economist, Clark Medal (1999)
• Myron Scholes**, Black-Scholes equation, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1997)
• Herbert Simon**, political, social scientist
• Robert Solow**, economic growth, Clark Medal (1961), Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1987)
• Joseph Stiglitz**, economist and author, Clark Medal (1979), Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (2001)
• Lawrence Summers*, economist, Clark Medal (1993)
• Jacob Viner**, economist

List of Jewish American physicists

• Ralph Alpher, background radiation
• John Bahcall, astrophysicist
• Hans Bethe, nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize (1967) (Jewish mother)
• Felix Bloch, nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize (1952) (naturalized citizen)
• David Bohm, quantum physicist, philosopher of science
• Gregory Breit, physicist
• Sean Connery (OK, not really, but you have to admit he's pretty darn cool)
• Leon Cooper, BCS theory, Nobel Prize (1972)
• Albert Einstein, theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize (1921) (naturalized citizen)
• Paul Sophus Epstein, theoretical physicist, quantum mechanics
• Herman Feshbach, nuclear physicist
• Richard Feynman, quantum physicist, Nobel Prize (1965)
• David Finkelstein, physicist
• James Franck, physicist, Nobel Prize (1925)
• Edward Fredkin, digital physicist
• Jerome Friedman, physicist, Nobel Prize (1990)
• Murray Gell-Mann, quarks, Nobel Prize (1969)
• Sheldon Glashow, physicist, Nobel Prize (1979)
• Donald A. Glaser, bubble chamber, Nobel Prize (1960)
• Roy Glauber, physicist, Nobel Prize (2005)
• Samuel Goudsmit, electron spin
• Brian Greene, string theorist
• Herbert Goldstein, Columbia physicist, author of standard textbook on classical mechanics.
• David Gross, string theorist, Nobel Prize (2004)
• Alan Guth, cosmic inflation
• Eugene Guth, polymer physics, nuclear physics, solid state physics
• Robert Hofstadter, physicist, Nobel Prize (1961)
• Herman Kahn, nuclear physicist
• Theodore von Kármán, aeronautical engineer
• Daniel Kleppner, atomic research
• Walter Kohn, physicist, Nobel Prize (1998)
• Rudolf Kompfner, engineer and physicist
• Cornelius Lanczos, mathematical physicist [3]
• Leon M. Lederman, physicist, Nobel Prize (1988)
• David Morris Lee, superfluidity, Nobel Prize (1996)
• Fritz London, quantum chemistry
• Theodore Maiman, first operable laser
• Albert Michelson, speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907)
• Ben Roy Mottelson, physicist, Nobel Prize (1975)
• Frank Oppenheimer, nuclear physicist (brother of Robert)
• Robert Oppenheimer, nuclear physicist (brother of Frank)
• Douglas D. Osheroff, superfluidity, Nobel Prize (1996)
• Jeremiah P. Ostriker, astrophysicist
• Abraham Pais, historian of science
• Wolfgang Pauli, nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize (1945) (Jewish father, half-Jewish mother) (naturalized citizen)
• Arno Allan Penzias, background radiation, Nobel Prize (1978)
• Martin Lewis Perl, physicist, Nobel Prize (1995)
• H. David Politzer, physicist, Nobel Prize (2004)
• Isidor Isaac Rabi, physicist, Nobel Prize (1944) (naturalized citizen)
• Simon Ramo, physicist, engineer
• Sidney Redner, statistical physics
• Frederick Reines, neutrino experiment, Nobel Prize (1995)
• Burton Richter, physicist, Nobel Prize (1976)
• Carl Sagan, astronomer & science popularizer
• Arthur Schawlow, laser spectroscopy, Nobel Prize (1981) (Jewish father)
• John H. Schwarz, string theorist
• Melvin Schwartz, physicist, Nobel Prize (1988)
• Julian Schwinger, quantum physicist, Nobel Prize (1965)
• Emilio G. Segrè, anti-proton, Nobel Prize (1959) (naturalized citizen)
• Lee Smolin, loop quantum gravity
• Alan Sokal, Sokal Affair
• Jack Steinberger, physicist, Nobel Prize (1988)
• Otto Stern, physicist, Nobel Prize (1943)
• Andrew Strominger, string theory
• Leonard Susskind, string theory (Jewish father)
• Leo Szilard, nuclear physicist (naturalized citizen)
• Edward Teller, nuclear physicist
• Steven Weinberg, electroweak force, Nobel Prize (1979)
• Victor Frederick Weisskopf (1908–2002) physicist. During World War II, he worked at Los Alamos on the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb, and later campaigned against the proliferation of nuclear weapons^[1]
• Eugene Wigner, quantum physicist, Nobel Prize (1963)
• Edward Witten, mathematical physicist
• George Zweig, quarks

List of Jewish American chemists

• Christian B. Anfinsen, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1972) (converted)
• Sidney Altman, chemist, Nobel Prize (1989)
• Paul Berg, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1980)
• R. Stephen Berry, physical chemist
• Eric Borenstein, Biochemist
• Herbert C. Brown, chemist, Nobel Prize (1979)
• Melvin Calvin, calvin cycle, Nobel Prize (1961)
• Erwin Chargaff, DNA pioneer
• Morris Cohen, metallurgist
• Kasimir Fajans, isotopes, identified protactinium
• Walter Gilbert, DNA sequencing, Nobel Prize (1980)
• Henry Gilman, organometallic chemist
• Moses Gomberg, free radicals
• Norman Hackerman, chemist, [2]
• Herbert A. Hauptman, chemist, Nobel Prize (1985)
• Roald Hoffmann (1937–) chemist & writer, Nobel Prize winner (1981)^[1]
• Martin Kamen, Carbon 14
• Martin Karplus, theoretical chemist
• Phoebus Levene, nucleic acid pioneer
• Rudolph A. Marcus, chemist, Nobel Prize (1992)
• Jacob A. Marinsky, discovered promethium
• George Olah, chemist, Nobel Prize (1994)
• Irwin Rose, biologist, Nobel Prize (2004)
• William Stein, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1972)
• Richard Zare, chemist

List of Jewish American biologists and physicians

• Richard Axel, olfactory system, Nobel Prize (2004)
• Julius Axelrod, neurotransmitters, Nobel Prize (1970)
• David Baltimore, reverse transcriptase, Nobel Prize (1975)
• Baruj Benacerraf, immunologist, Nobel Prize (1980)
• M. A. Benjaminson, microbiologist and biotechnologist, in vitro meat pioneer
• Konrad Bloch, cholesterol, Nobel Prize (1959)
• Baruch Blumberg, hepatitis B vaccine, Nobel Prize (1976)
• Michael S. Brown, molecular geneticist, Nobel Prize (1985)
• Stanley Cohen, neurologist, Nobel Prize (1986)
• Stanley N. Cohen, genetic engineering
• Gerty Cori, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1947)
• Jared Diamond, evolutionary biologist & biogeographer
• Carl Djerassi, contraceptive pill
• Gerald Edelman, biologist, Nobel Prize (1972)
• Gertrude Elion, drug development, Nobel Prize (1988)
• Joseph Erlanger, physiologist, Nobel Prize (1945)
• Edmond H. Fischer, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1992) (Jewish father)
• Judah Folkman, cancer angiogenesis
• Casimir Funk, vitamins
• Robert F. Furchgott, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1998)
• Herbert Gasser, physiologist, Nobel Prize (1945) (Jewish father)
• Alfred G. Gilman, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1994)
• Joseph L. Goldstein, molecular geneticist, Nobel Prize (1985)
• Paul Greengard, neuroscientist, Nobel Prize (1990)
• Stephen Jay Gould, evolutionary biologist & writer
• Michael Heidelberger, immunochemist
• H. Robert Horvitz, biologist, Nobel Prize (2002)
• Jerome Horowitz, AZT
• Eric R. Kandel, neuroscientist, Nobel Prize (2000)
• Charles Kelman, cataract surgery
• Arthur Kornberg, DNA replication, Nobel Prize (1959)
• Roger Kornberg, RNA transcription, Nobel Prize (2006) (son of Arthur Kornberg)
• Eric Lander, Human Genome Project
• Esther Lederberg, geneticist ^[1]
• Joshua Lederberg, molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1958)
• Rita Levi-Montalcini, neurologist, Nobel Prize (1986)
• Richard Lewontin, evolutionary biologist
• Fritz Lipmann, coenzyme A, Nobel Prize (1953)
• Otto Loewi, acetylcholine, Nobel Prize (1936)
• Abraham Low, neuropsychiatrist, Recovery, Inc. founder
• Salvador Luria, bacterial evolution, Nobel Prize (1969)
• Lynn Margulis, Gaia theory
• Matthew Meselson, DNA replication
• Otto Meyerhof, glycolysis, Nobel Prize (1922)
• Stanley Miller, Miller-Urey experiment
• Hermann Muller, geneticist, Nobel Prize (1946) (Jewish mother)
• Daniel Nathans, microbiologist, Nobel Prize (1978)
• Marshall Nirenberg, genetic code, Nobel Prize (1968)
• Gregory Pincus, contraceptive pill
• Karl Pribram, neurologist
• Stanley Prusiner, neurologist, Nobel Prize (1997)
• Martin Rodbell, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1994)
• Albert Sabin, oral polio vaccine
• Jonas Salk, polio vaccine
• Andrew V. Schally, endocrinologist, Nobel Prize (1977)
• Albert Schatz, streptomycin
• Béla Schick, diphtheria test
• Rudolf Schoenheimer, radioactive tracers
• Alexander Shulgin, pharmacologist, populariser of ecstasy
• Leo Sternbach, valium
• Howard Temin, reverse transcriptase, Nobel Prize (1975)
• Max Tishler, synthetic vitamins
• Harold Varmus, virologist, Nobel Prize (1989)
• George Wald, retina pigmentation, Nobel Prize (1967)
• Selman Waksman, streptomycin, Nobel Prize (1952)
• Charles Weissmann, interferon cloning
• Alexander S. Wiener hematologist and co-discoverer of the Rh factor
• Rosalyn Yalow, medical physicist, Nobel Prize (1977)
• Charles Yanofsky, geneticist

List of Jewish American mathematicians

• Abraham Adrian Albert ^[1]
• Kenneth Appel, four-color problem [1]
• Richard Bellman, dynamic programming *
• Lipman Bers, non-linear elliptic equations [2]
• Salomon Bochner, harmonic analysis *
• Raoul Bott, geometry (Jewish mother) *
• Richard Brauer, modular representation theory *
• Eugenio Calabi, differential geometry *
• Paul Cohen, set theorist, Fields Medal (1966) *
• Richard Courant, algebraic topology *
• George Dantzig, simplex algorithm *
• Martin Davis, mathematician *
• Persi Diaconis, statistician (Jewish mother) *
• Jesse Douglas, mathematician, Fields Medal (1936) [3]
• Samuel Eilenberg, category theorist *
• Noam Elkies, mathematician *
• Paul Erdos, number theorist *
• Charles Fefferman, mathematician, Fields Medal (1978) *
• Mitchell Feigenbaum, chaos theorist [4]
• William Feller, probability theory ^[2]
• Michael Freedman, mathematician, Fields Medal (1986) (Jewish father) *
• Dorian Goldfeld, number theorist, Cole Prize *
• Michael Golomb, theory of approximation [5]
• Solomon Golomb, polyominoes [6]
• Paul Halmos, mathematician *
• E. Morton Jellinek, biostatistician [7]
• Irving Kaplansky, mathematician *
• Mark Kac, mathematician *
• Edward Kasner, mathematician ^[3]
• Nick Katz, algebraic geometry *
• Martin Kruskal, mathematician *
• Cornelius Lanczos, mathematician and mathematical physicist [8]
• Peter Lax, mathematician, Abel Prize (2005) *
• Solomon Lefschetz, algebraic topology *
• Emma Lehmer, mathematician [9]
• Norman Levinson, mathematician *
• George Lusztig, representation theory *
• Barry Mazur, mathematician *
• Louis Mordell, number theorist *
• John von Neumann, mathematician [10]
• George Pólya, mathematician *
• Emil Post, logician *
• Herbert Robbins, statistician *
• Abraham Robinson, nonstandard analysis *
• Arthur Rubin, mathematician
• Isadore Singer, mathematician, Abel Prize (2004) *
• Richard P. Stanley, mathematician *
• Elias Stein, mathematician *
• Stanislaw Ulam, mathematician *
• André Weil, mathematician *
• Norbert Wiener, mathematician, Bôcher Prize, National Medal of Science *
• Edward Witten, M-theory, Fields Medal (1990) *
• Oscar Zariski, algebraic geometry *

List of Jewish American computer scientists

• Hal Abelson, artificial intelligence
• Len Adleman, RSA cryptography, DNA computing, Turing Award (2002)
• Paul Baran, packet switching
• Dan Bernstein, cryptologist (unconfirmed)
• Manuel Blum, computational complexity, Turing Award (1995)
• Dan Bricklin, creator of the original spreadsheet
• Sergei Brin
• Peter Elias, information theory
• Robert Fano, information theory
• Edward Feigenbaum, artificial intelligence, Turing Award (1994)
• William F. Friedman, cryptologist
• Eugene Garfield, library & information scientist
• David Gelernter, parallel computation, Unabomber victim
• Adele Goldberg, Smalltalk design team
• Herman & Adele Goldstine, developers of ENIAC
• Shafi Goldwasser, cryptographer
• Philip Greenspun, web applications
• Martin Hellman, public key cryptography
• Douglas Hofstadter, academic & author (half Jewish)
• Bob Kahn, TCP/IP
• Richard Karp, computational complexity, Turing Award (1985)
• John Kemeny, BASIC
• Leonard Kleinrock, packet switching
• Joseph Kruskal, Kruskal's algorithm
• Solomon Kullback, cryptographer
• Raymond Kurzweil, OCR, speech recognition
• Leslie Lamport, LaTeX
• Jaron Lanier, virtual reality
• Leonid Levin, computational complexity
• Herman Lukoff, helped develop ENIAC and UNIVAC
• John McCarthy, inventor of the term "artificial intelligence" (half Jewish)
• Marvin Minsky, artificial intelligence, neural nets, Turing Award (1969)
• John von Neumann, computer scientist, mathematician & economist
• Larry Page
• David Parnas, software engineering
• Seymour Papert, LOGO
• Judea Pearl, Bayesian networks
• Ken Perlin, fractal noise
• Alan J. Perlis, compilers, Turing Award (1966)
• Lawrence Rabiner, digital signal processing
• Frank Rosenblatt, perceptrons
• Azriel Rosenfeld, image analysis
• Jean E. Sammet, language design
• Bruce Schneier, cryptographer
• Herbert Simon, cognitive & computer scientist, Turing Award (1975)
• Abraham Sinkov, cryptanalyst
• Daniel Sleator, splay trees (Jewish mother)
• Gustave Solomon, error correction
• Ray Solomonoff, algorithmic information theory
• Richard Stallman, GNU, FSF
• Gerald Jay Sussman, Scheme
• Jeffrey D. Ullman, compilers
• Leslie Valiant, parallel computing
• Andrew Viterbi, Viterbi algorithm
• Peter J. Weinberger, awk
• Joseph Weizenbaum, ELIZA, artificial intelligence critic
• Norbert Wiener, cybernetics
• Terry Winograd, SHRDLU
• Jacob Wolfowitz, information theory
• Lotfi Zadeh, fuzzy logic (Jewish mother, Muslim father)